Softeners
Ion Exchange (Softening)
As its name implies, ion exchange describes the physical-chemical process by which ions are transferred from a solid to a liquid phase or vice versa.
An ion exchange system consists of a tank containing small beads of synthetic resin . The beads are treated to selectively adsorb either cations or anions and release (exchange) counter-ions based on the relative compared to the resin. This process of ion exchange will continue until all available exchange sites are filled, at which point the resin is exhausted and must be regenerated by suitable chemicals.
Softeners
• Function
• Type
• Applications
• Water Softeners Function
The ion exchange water softener is one of the most common tools of water treatment . Its function is to remove scale-forming calcium and magnesium ions from hard water. In many cases soluble iron (ferrous) can also be removed with softeners. A standard water softener has four major components: a resin tank, resin, a brine tank to hold sodium chloride, and a valve or controller.
The softener resin tank contains the treated ion exchange resin – small beads of polystyrene. The resin bead exchange sites, adsorb sodium ions and displace multivalent cation during regeneration with solution of NaCl. The resin has a greater affinity for multivalent ions such as calcium and magnesium than it does for sodium. Thus, when hard water is passed through the resin tank in service, calcium and magnesium ions adhere to the resin, releasing the sodium ions until equilibrium is reached .When most of the sodium ions have been replaced by hardness ions, the resin is exhausted and must be regenerated.
• Water Softeners Types
1- Single Control it can be used to control service, backwash regeneration & rinse cycles automatically, depending on timer or meter basis. |
2-Twin Control
it can be used to control service, backwash ,regeneration & rinse cycles automatically ,one vessel will be in service & other is stand by.
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1.1 Single Control
Item no. | Control Head | Flow rate | Resin Qty | In/ Out | Capacity* 1000 Grain | Filter Size |
1 | FK 3900 | 56.8 m3/hr | 450-1000 L | 3" | 470-1100 | 30"-48" |
2 | FK 2900 | 24 m3/hr | 100-600 L | 2" | 100-650 | 14"-36" |
3 | FK 3150 | 22 m3/hr | 300-800 L | 2" | 320-850 | 24"-42" |
4 | FK 2850 | 11.6 m3/hr | 75-300 L | 1 1/2" | 80-470 | 13"-24" |
5 | FK 2750 | 5.9 m3/hr | 50-200 L | 1" | 55-320 | 10"-21" |
6 | FK 5000 SE | 4.7 m3/hr | 50-125 L | 3/4" or1" | 55-150 | 10"-16" |
7 | FK 5600 | 4 m3/hr | 25-75 L | 3/4" or1" | 30-80 | 10"-13" |
1.2 Twin Control
Duplex with two controls
Item no. | Control Head | Flow rate | Total Resin Qty | In/ Out | Capacity* 1000 Grain/each vessel | Filter Size (qty: 2vessels) |
1 | FK 3900 | 56.8 m3/hr | 900-2000 L | 3" | 470-1100 | 30"-48" |
2 | FK 2900 | 24 m3/hr | 200-1200 L | 2" | 100-650 | 14"-36" |
3 | FK 3150 | 22 m3/hr | 600-1600 L | 2" | 320-850 | 24"-42" |
Duplex with one control
Item no. | Control Head | Flow rate | Total Resin Qty | In/ Out | Capacity* 1000 Grain/each vessel | Filter Size (qty: 2vessels) |
1 | FK9500 | 8.4 m3/hr | 150-600 L | 1 1/2" | 80-650 | 13"-24" |
2 | FK 9000 | 4 m3/hr | 50-250 L | 1"or 3/4" | 30-150 | 10"-16" |
3 | FK 9100 | m3/hr | 50-150 L | 1"or 3/4" | 30-80 | 10"-13" |
• Application
1- House Hold Applications:
House hold softeners systems are convenient and cost effective, producing water which is soft on skin and laundry.
2- Drinking Water Station
Softeners are important and effective part in the drinking water station to eliminate any scale in the reverse osmosis membranes.
3- Industrial Uses:
• Aluminum Manufacturing
• Food industries
• Cosmetics …etc
Softener should be used in this field for boiler feed water make up, cooling tower make up, and protection for the reverse osmosis system .
4- Commercial Uses
• Hotels
• Restaurants
5- Medical
• Hospitals, Kidney dialysis
• Pharmaceutical industries